Annealing is a heat treatment process that involves heating metal to a specific temperature, holding it there, and then gradually cooling it. Temperature control is crucial for achieving the desired results, and modern technologies ensure precise control. This process improves the mechanical and physical properties of flat rolled steel by relieving internal stresses, refining the microstructure or grain structure of the material, and making it softer and more ductile. Annealing also enhances formability, machinability, and weldability, and is used with various alloys like stainless steel and nickel-based alloys.